Urambiwe umwanya ucanwa nabi ubangamira ibikorwa byawe byubucuruzi?Woba urwana no kubona urumuri rukwiye rujyanye nibikorwa byawe byihariye?Urarengerwa numurongo munini wamatara aboneka kumasoko?Niba wasubije yego kuri kimwe muribi bibazo, noneho wageze ahantu heza.
Guhitamo urumuri rukwiye kubucuruzi bwawe bukeneye birashobora gukora itandukaniro.Waba ukoresha iduka ricururizwamo, umwanya wibiro, cyangwa ikigo cyakira abashyitsi, itara ryiza rirashobora kuzamura ikirango cyawe, kongera umusaruro, no gushiraho ahantu heza kubakiriya nabakozi.Ariko hamwe namahitamo menshi aboneka, birashobora kugorana kumenya aho uhera.Muri iyi ngingo, tuzaguha inama kuriuburyo bwo gusuzuma ibyo ukeneye mubucuruzi, menya ibisabwa, Reba neza ingufunahitamo ibice byujuje ibisabwa byihariye.Komeza usome kugirango wige byinshi!
Muri iyi ngingo, uzabona ibi bikurikira:
1 uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibyo ukeneye mubucuruzi
1.1 Guhitamo Ibikoresho byo kumurika bishingiye kubikenewe byihariye byumwanya wawe hamwe nabantu barimo
1.2 Reba igihe cyumunsi no kumurika bisanzwe
1.3 Ntiwibagirwe kuranga
2 Menya ibyangombwa bisabwa
2.1 Ubwoko bwamatara
2.2 Ibisohoka bya wattage na lumen
2.3 Ubushyuhe bwamabara
3 Hitamo ibice byujuje ibisabwa
3.1 Ubwoko butandukanye
3.2 Ubwiza
3.3 Kubungabunga no kubungabunga
1 uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibyo ukeneye mubucuruzi
Mugihe uhisemo gucana amatara kubucuruzi bwawe, ni ngombwa kubanza gusuzuma ibyo ukeneye.Ubwa mbere, ugomba gusuzuma ibyo ukeneye ukurikije umwanya hamwe nabantu bazaba barimo.Byongeye kandi, ugomba gutekereza kumwanya wumunsi no kumurika bisanzwe, hamwe nuburyo itara ryawe rishobora kwerekana no kuzamura ikirango cyawe.Ukurikije izi ntambwe, urashobora kwemeza ko uhitamo urumuri rukwiye kubucuruzi bwawe.
1.1 Guhitamo Ibikoresho byo kumurika bishingiye kubikenewe byihariye byumwanya wawe hamwe nabantu barimo
Mugihe cyo guhitamo urumuri rukwiye kubucuruzi bwawe, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibikorwa byihariye bibera mumwanya nabantu bazabikoresha.Kurugero, mu iduka rya kawa, urumuri rushyushye kandi rutagaragara nkamatara yaka cyangwa urukuta rushobora gutera umwuka mwiza kandi utumira abakiriya bashaka kuruhuka, gusabana, gusoma, cyangwa gukora kuri mudasobwa zigendanwa.Ku rundi ruhande, itara ryaka ryerekana ibicuruzwa kandi bigatera kumva ko ibintu byihutirwa ni byiza ku iduka ricururizwamo ibicuruzwa, hamwe n’itara ryaciwe cyangwa ryakurikiranwe akenshi rikoreshwa mu gukurura abakiriya ku bicuruzwa.
Mugihe cyibiro, kumurika akazi nibyingenzi kubakozi bamara umwanya munini bakora kumeza yabo.Amatara ameza cyangwa amatara yo hejuru ashobora kwerekezwa ahantu runaka bifasha kugabanya uburemere bwamaso no kongera umusaruro.Niba kandi umwanya ukoreshwa mubikorwa byo gufatanya, ibikoresho byoroheje byo kumurika nk'amatara yo hasi cyangwa amatara yo kumeza birashobora gukora ibidukikije byiza kandi bitumira kubufatanye.
Muguhitamo amatara yujuje ibyifuzo byihariye byabakiriya bawe nabakozi bawe, urashobora gukora umwanya wogukora kandi neza, mugihe uzamura ikirere nikirere cyibidukikije.Noneho, reba neza umwanya wawe hamwe nabantu bazayikoresha, hanyuma uhitemo amatara azagufasha kugera kuri ambiance wifuza no gushyigikira ibikorwa bibera.
1.2 Reba igihe cyumunsi no kumurika bisanzwe
Urebye igihe cyumunsi no kumurika bisanzwe nabyo ni ingenzi muguhitamo urumuri rukwiye kubucuruzi bwawe.Ingano yumucyo karemano umwanya wawe wakira kandi niba ihinduka umunsi wose birashobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere nubunini bwamatara yubukorikori ukeneye.Ukoresheje urumuri rusanzwe kumanywa kandi ugahindura amatara yawe yubukorikori ukurikije, ntushobora kuzigama amafaranga yingufu gusa ahubwo ushobora no kugabanya ikirenge cyawe cya karubone, byerekana ubucuruzi bwawe bwiyemeje inshingano zimibereho kandi irambye.
Ku iduka rya kawa, itara risanzwe rishobora gufasha kurema umwuka utuje kandi karemano wuzuza ambiance nziza.Ibi birashobora kugerwaho ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuvura idirishya ryemerera urumuri rusanzwe gushungura, cyangwa muburyo bwo gushyira ahantu hicaye hafi ya windows kugirango urumuri rwinshi rushoboke.Mu iduka ricuruza, amatara karemano arashobora gukoreshwa kugirango yerekane ibicuruzwa no gukora imyumvire mishya nimbaraga.Ibi birashobora kugerwaho ukoresheje skylight cyangwa Windows kugirango urumuri rusanzwe rwungururwe, cyangwa muburyo bwo gushyira ibicuruzwa hafi ya Windows kugirango ukoreshe urumuri rusanzwe.
Mu mwanya wibiro, itara risanzwe rirashobora gufasha gukora neza kandi neza kubakozi.Ibi birashobora kugerwaho mugushira ameza hamwe nakazi gakorerwa hafi ya Windows kugirango urumuri rusanzwe rwungururwe, cyangwa ukoresheje urumuri rwumucyo cyangwa ubuso bugaragaza kugirango urumuri rusanzwe rwimbitse mumwanya.Byongeye kandi, gukoresha urumuri rwitabira kumanywa birashobora gufasha kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa no gushyigikira imbaraga zirambye.
Urebye ibikenewe byumwanya wawe kandi ukoresheje urumuri rusanzwe, urashobora gukora ibidukikije bikora kandi birambye.Noneho, reba neza umwanya wawe, tekereza kubikorwa nikirere ushaka gukora, kandi ushakishe ibishoboka kugirango urumuri rusanzwe.
1.3 Ntiwibagirwe kuranga
Mugihe uhitamo amatara yubucuruzi bwawe, ni ngombwa kuzirikana ikirango cyawe.Amatara yawe arashobora kugira uruhare muburyo rusange no kumva ibirango byawe, kandi bigomba guhitamo bikurikije.Kurugero, ikirango kigezweho na minimalist kirashobora kungukirwa nibikoresho byamatara bisukuye kandi byiza, nko gucana cyangwa kumurika.Ku rundi ruhande, ikirango gishimangira ikirere gishyushye kandi cyakira neza gishobora kungukirwa n’ibikoresho byoroheje byoroheje, nk'amatara yaka cyangwa amatara.
Usibye imiterere, ibara naryo ni ikintu cyingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo amatara yubucuruzi bwawe.Amatara yawe agomba kuzuza no kuzamura amabara mubirango byawe.Kurugero, ikirango gikoresha amajwi ashyushye, yubutaka gishobora kungukirwa no kumurika ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe, nka amber cyangwa zahabu.
Urebye imiterere yikimenyetso cyawe namabara, urashobora guhitamo amatara agira uruhare muburambe hamwe nibintu bitazibagirana kubakiriya bawe.
Kurangiza, guhitamo urumuri rukwiye kubucuruzi bwawe bikubiyemo gusuzuma ibintu bitandukanye, uhereye kubikorwa bibera mumwanya wawe kugeza kumurongo ushaka gutanga.Mugihe ufata umwanya wo gusuzuma ibyo ukeneye hanyuma ugahitamo ibikoresho bishyigikira intego zubucuruzi bwawe, urashobora gukora ibidukikije bikora kandi bigushimishije.
2 Menya ibyangombwa bisabwa
Umaze gusuzuma ubucuruzi bwawe bukenewe, igihe kirageze cyo kumenya urumuri rusabwa kumwanya wawe.Ibi birimo ibintu nkubwoko bwurumuri, wattage na lumen bisohoka, hamwe nubushyuhe bwamabara.Uzakenera kandi gusuzuma ingano n'imiterere yumwanya wawe, kimwe nibisabwa byihariye byo kumurika inganda zawe.
2.1 Ubwoko bwamatara
2.1.1 Ukurikije ibintu bifatika byakoreshejwe
Ukurikije isesengura ryibintu byavuzwe haruguru, birashobora kugaragara ko ibintu bitandukanye bisaba urumuri rutandukanye.
Kurugero, mu iduka rya kawa, amatara yaka cyangwa urukuta rushobora gutanga ikirere cyoroshye kandi cyimbitse.Ibinyuranyo, mububiko bugurisha, kumurika inzira cyangwa kumurika byasubiwemo birashobora kuba byiza gushimangira ibicuruzwa.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mu biro, umusaruro no guhumuriza abakozi bigomba kuba ibitekerezo byambere muguhitamo amatara.Gukomatanya hejuru no kumurika imirimo birashobora gutanga umucyo ukenewe kubikorwa byakazi.
2.1.2 Ukurikije ibindi bintu
Ni ngombwa kandi kuzirikana izindi mpamvu kugirango umenye neza ko uhitamo amahitamo akwiye.
Kimwe muri ibyo bintu ni uburebure bwa plafingi yumwanya wawe.Ukurikije uko igisenge kiri hejuru cyangwa kiri hasi, urashobora gukenera ubwoko runaka bwamatara kugirango umenye neza ko urumuri rugabanijwe neza mukarere.
Ikindi kintu ugomba gusuzuma ni imiterere yumwanya wawe.Kurugero, niba ufite ububiko burebure kandi bugufi, urashobora gukenera gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwamatara kugirango ugaragaze ahantu hatandukanye neza.Ibi birashobora gushiramo amatara yumurongo, ashobora guhindurwa kugirango yerekane urumuri rwerekezo rwihariye, cyangwa amatara yaka ashobora gukoreshwa kugirango habeho umwuka mwiza kandi mwiza.
Ingano yumwanya wawe nayo ni ngombwa kwitabwaho.Niba ufite ahantu hanini ukeneye gucana, urashobora gukenera gukoresha uruvange rwamatara atandukanye kugirango umenye neza ko umwanya ucanwa bihagije.Ibi birashobora kubamo kumurika hejuru, kumurika imirimo, n'amatara yo hasi, nibindi.
Urebye ibintu byavuzwe haruguru, urashobora guhitamo uburyo bukwiye kubucuruzi bwawe.Ibi byemeza ko abakiriya bawe cyangwa abakozi bawe bumva bamerewe neza kandi borohewe mugihe uri mumwanya wawe, bifasha kuzamura uburambe bwabo muri rusange.
2.2 Ibisohoka bya wattage na lumen
2.2.1 Niki 'ibisohoka wattage na lumen?
Wattage na lumen bisohoka ningamba ebyiri zingenzi zumucyo wumucyo.Wattage ni igipimo cyingufu zingufu zikoreshwa, mugihe lumen isohoka ipima ingano yumucyo ugaragara icyo kintu gitanga.Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibice bifite lumen isohoka kumwanya wawe, utitaye kuri wattage yabo.
Kugira ngo wumve itandukaniro, tekereza kuri wattage nkimbaraga zimbaraga zimodoka nibisohoka lumen nka umuvuduko waometero.Nkukuntu imodoka ifite imbaraga nyinshi zamafarashi ishobora kugenda byihuse, urumuri rufite wattage nyinshi rushobora gutanga urumuri rwinshi.Kandi nkukuntu umuvuduko waometero ikwereka uburyo ugenda vuba, lumen isohoka ikubwira uburyo urumuri rumurika.
2.2.2 Nigute ushobora guhitamo ibisohoka wattage na lumen?
Kurugero, itara rya watt 60 rishobora gutanga hafi lumens 800, ibyo bikaba bihagije kumurikira icyumba gito cya metero kare 100.Ibinyuranye, itara rya watt 150 rishobora gutanga lumens zigera ku 2.600, zikwiranye no gucana umwanya munini nk'ububiko cyangwa hasi mu ruganda.
Nibyingenzi kuzirikana ingano nuburyo imiterere yumwanya wawe muguhitamo wattage na lumen biva mubikorwa byawe.Umwanya munini uzakenera ibikoresho bifite wattage cyangwa lumen nyinshi kugirango bishoboke kugirango habeho itara rihagije, mugihe umwanya muto ushobora gukenera gusa ibikoresho byo hasi kugirango wirinde guha ingufu akarere n'umucyo mwinshi.
Ubwoko bwibikorwa bibera mumwanya ni ikindi kintu ugomba gusuzuma.Kurugero, ibikorwa bisaba ubushishozi nibitekerezo, nkibikorwa byo mu biro cyangwa inganda, birashobora gusaba ibikoresho byinshi kugirango bigabanye amaso kandi byongere umusaruro.Kurundi ruhande, ibibanza bisaba ikirere cyoroheje cyangwa cyimbere, nka resitora cyangwa salo, birashobora kungukirwa nibikoresho bifite umusaruro muke kugirango habeho ambiance nziza.
Urebye ingano n'imiterere yumwanya wawe, ubwoko bwibikorwa bibera, hamwe na wattage cyangwa lumen ikwiranye nibikoresho byawe, urashobora gukora ibidukikije byiza kandi bikora kubucuruzi bwawe.
2.3 Ubushyuhe bwamabara
2.3.1 Ubushyuhe bwamabara ni ubuhe
Ubushyuhe bwamabara nikintu cyingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo amatara kubucuruzi bwawe.Yerekeza ku mucyo w'urumuri rutangwa n'ibikoresho kandi bipimirwa muri Kelvin (K).Ubushyuhe bwamabara burashobora gutandukana kuva urumuri rushyushye, umuhondo-tone kugeza urumuri rukonje, rwijimye.
Itara risusurutse, rifite ibara ry'umuhondo rifite ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwamabara, mubisanzwe hagati ya 2000K-3000K, kandi birashobora gukora ibidukikije byiza kandi byiza.Ni amahitamo meza kumwanya wo kwidagadura nka resitora, salo, na hoteri yi hoteri.Ubu bwoko bwamatara burashobora kuzamura isura yamabara ashyushye, nkumutuku na orange, bigatuma biba byiza kubucuruzi bukoresha ayo mabara mubirango cyangwa imitako.
Ibinyuranye, gukonjesha, kumurika ubururu bifite ubushyuhe burenze ibara, mubisanzwe hagati ya 4500K-6500K, kandi birashobora guteza imbere umusaruro no kuba maso.Ubu bwoko bwamatara bukwiriye kumwanya aho kwibanda no kwibanda ari ngombwa, nkibiro, amasomero, hamwe n’ahantu ho kwigwa.Irakoreshwa kandi mubitaro no mubigo byubuvuzi.
2.3.2 Kuki ubushyuhe bwamabara ari ngombwa?
Ubushyuhe bwamabara nikintu cyingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo ibikoresho byo kumurika kubucuruzi bwawe kuko birashobora guhindura cyane isura no kumva umwanya wawe.Kurugero, niba ukoresha iduka ryimyenda, nibyingenzi guhitamo ibikoresho byo kumurika hamwe nubushyuhe bukwiye bwamabara kugirango ibicuruzwa byawe bigaragare mumucyo myiza ishoboka.
Niba ukoresheje amatara ashyushye mububiko bwawe, birashobora gutuma imyenda yawe igaragara neza kandi itumiwe.Ariko, niba ukoresheje amatara akonje, birashobora gutuma ibicuruzwa byawe bigaragara cyane kandi bifite imbaraga.Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gutekereza ku bwoko bwibicuruzwa ugurisha nikirere ushaka gukora mbere yo guhitamo amatara.
Urundi rugero rw'akamaro k'ubushyuhe bw'amabara urashobora kuboneka muri resitora.Ahantu heza ho gusangirira, urumuri rushyushye rushobora gutera umwuka wurukundo kandi wimbitse, mugihe urumuri rukonje rushobora gutuma umwanya wunvikana kandi bigezweho.Ku rundi ruhande, muri resitora yihuta-y-ibiryo, amatara akonje arashobora gutuma umwanya wumva neza kandi ufite imbaraga, bishobora gushishikariza abakiriya kurya vuba no gukomeza.
Muncamake, ubushyuhe bwamabara burashobora guhindura cyane isura yumwanya wawe nikirere ushaka gukora.Muguhitamo amatara hamwe nubushyuhe bukwiye bwamabara, urashobora kuzamura isura yibicuruzwa byawe, ugakora ambiance wifuza, hanyuma, bigatuma ubucuruzi bwawe burushaho gutumira no gushimisha abakiriya.
3 Hitamo ibice byujuje ibisabwa
3.1 Ubwoko butandukanye
Umaze gusobanukirwa neza ibyo ukeneye mubucuruzi ukeneye nibisabwa kumurika, igihe kirageze cyo gutangira gushakisha ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa byihariye.Ukurikije ubunini n'imiterere yumwanya wawe, urashobora gukenera guhuza ubwoko butandukanye, nkamatara yo hejuru, amatara yaka, amatara yumurongo, cyangwa urukuta.
Amatara ya Ceiling nuburyo bukunzwe kubucuruzi kuko butanga urumuri rusange kubice binini.Mubisanzwe byashyizwe kumurongo hejuru kandi birashobora kuza muburyo butandukanye, uhereye kumashanyarazi yashizwemo kugeza kuri chandeliers.Ku rundi ruhande, amatara ya pendant, amanika ku gisenge kandi arashobora gutanga urumuri rugenewe ahantu runaka cyangwa ibiranga umwanya, nk'ibiro byakira abantu cyangwa ibihangano.Ziza muburyo butandukanye kandi bunini, kuva kuri bito kandi byoroshye kugeza binini kandi bitangaje.
Urukuta rw'urukuta ni ibikoresho byashyizwe ku rukuta kandi bishobora gutanga urumuri n'ibidukikije.Ziza muburyo butandukanye kandi zirashobora gukoreshwa mugukora urumuri rumuri mumwanya.Amatara yo hasi n'amatara yo kumeza nubundi buryo kubucuruzi, gutanga amatara yinyongera no kongera inyungu ziboneka kumwanya.Mubisanzwe biroroshye gushiraho kandi birashobora kwimurwa nkuko bikenewe.
3.1.1 Ikintu kimwe cyo kunegura guhitamo ubwoko butandukanye
Mugihe uhisemo hagati yubwoko butandukanye, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ingorane zo kwishyiriraho.Amatara ya ceiling hamwe nurukuta rusanzwe rusaba kwishyiriraho umwuga, mugihe amatara ya pendant n'amatara yo hasi ashobora gushyirwaho numuntu ufite ubumenyi bwibanze bwamashanyarazi.Amatara yo kumeza niyo yoroshye kuyashyiraho kandi arashobora gukorwa numuntu wese.Ni ngombwa guha amashanyarazi uruhushya rwo kwishyiriraho icyaricyo cyose kirimo insinga cyangwa amashanyarazi kugirango umutekano urusheho kubahiriza amategeko yinyubako.
3.2 Ubwiza
Mugihe uhitamo amatara yubucuruzi bwawe, ni ngombwa kuzirikana ko bidatanga gusa intego yibikorwa ahubwo binagira uruhare mubwiza rusange bwumwanya wawe.Imiterere nigishushanyo cyibikoresho byawe bigomba kuzuza imbere imbere no kuzamura ikirere ugerageza gukora.
Kurugero, niba ubucuruzi bwawe bufite igishushanyo kigezweho kandi gito, urashobora gutekereza kubintu byiza kandi byoroshye bifite imirongo isukuye hamwe na palette monochromatic.Ubundi, niba umwanya wawe ufite ibyiyumvo gakondo cyangwa rustic, urashobora guhitamo ibikoresho hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye cyangwa bishyushye, byubutaka.
Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo kumurika birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkigice cyo gutangaza cyangwa umwanya wibanze mu mwanya wawe.Amatara manini cyangwa amatara arashobora gukurura abantu hejuru yinzu hejuru cyangwa kwerekana ahantu runaka mumwanya wawe, nko kumeza yakirwa cyangwa aho bicara.
3.3 Kubungabunga no kubungabunga
Usibye gusuzuma imiterere n'imikorere yo kumurika, ni ngombwa nanone kuzirikana kubungabunga no kubungabunga bisabwa kuri buri bwoko bwimikorere.Ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho bishobora kugira ibyiciro bitandukanye byo kubungabunga, nkibisukura kenshi cyangwa gusimbuza amatara, cyangwa birashobora kuramba kandi biramba.Nibyingenzi gushira mubikorwa byo gukomeza kubungabunga hamwe nakazi gasabwa kuri buri bwoko bwimikorere mugihe uhitamo bwa nyuma.Ibi bizafasha kwemeza ko amatara yawe adakenewe gusa mubucuruzi bwawe nibyifuzo byuburanga, ahubwo binatanga agaciro karambye kandi neza.
Urebye witonze ibyo ukeneye kumurika, ibyifuzo byuburanga, hamwe nibisabwa kugirango ubungabunge ibintu, urashobora guhitamo ibikoresho bidatanga gusa urumuri rukenewe kubucuruzi bwawe ahubwo binatezimbere muri rusange no kumva umwanya wawe.
4 Gukoresha ingufu
Ingufu zingirakamaro nikintu cyingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo amatara yubucuruzi bwawe.Ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu ntabwo bifasha kugabanya ibiciro byingufu gusa ahubwo binagira ingaruka nziza kubidukikije.
Uburyo bumwe ni ugushakisha ibikoresho byemejwe na Star Star byemejwe, bivuze ko byujuje amabwiriza yihariye yo gukoresha ingufu zashyizweho n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije.Ubundi buryo ni ugushakisha ibikoresho bifite lumens ndende kuri watt (LPW), bipima imikorere yimikorere muguhindura amashanyarazi mumucyo ugaragara.Kurugero, ibikoresho bya LED mubisanzwe bifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa LPW kurenza ibisanzwe bya incandescent cyangwa fluorescent, bigatuma bahitamo gukoresha ingufu.Byongeye kandi, tekereza guhitamo ibikoresho hamwe na sensor ya moteri cyangwa igihe, bishobora gufasha kugabanya imyanda yingufu uhita uzimya amatara mugihe adakoreshwa.
5 Kubona Impuguke
Niba utaramenya neza amatara yo guhitamo, burigihe nibyiza ko wagisha inama numwuga wo kumurika.Aba banyamwuga barashobora gutanga inama zinzobere muburyo bwiza bwo gukenera ubucuruzi bwihariye kandi bakemeza ko igishushanyo cyawe cyamatara cyujuje amategeko n'amabwiriza yaho.Byongeye kandi, barashobora gutanga ibisubizo byabigenewe niba ufite ibisabwa byihariye byo kumurika.Ntutindiganye kuvugana numwuga wo kumurika kugirango umenye neza ko urumuri rwawe rukora, rukora neza, kandi rushimishije.
Mubyongeyeho, niba ufite ibisabwa byihariye byo kumurika bitujujwe nibikoresho bisanzwe biboneka ku isoko, urashobora guhora utugeraho kugirango tubone ibisubizo byihariye.Itsinda ryacu ryinzobere mu gucana amatara rirashobora gukorana nawe mugushushanya no gukora ibikoresho bihuye neza nubucuruzi bwawe kandi byuzuza igishushanyo mbonera cyawe.
Ntutindiganye kutwandikira kubibazo byose bijyanye numucyo cyangwa ibisabwa.Buri gihe twishimiye kugufasha no kuguha ibisubizo byiza bishoboka.Kanda hano urebe igisubizo cyihariye cya W Hotel muri Xi'an.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-22-2023